微創手術如何關閉卵圓孔,減低中風風險?

訪問:張誠謙心臟科醫生

(一)什麼是卵圓孔未閉症?卵圓孔未閉症與中風有關?

卵圓孔是每個人都有的心臟結構,位於左心房和右心房之間的一道小門。有些情況身體有機會形成血塊,特別在靜脈系統當中。當血塊出現在腿部靜脈系統,便會隨著血流運送到心臟。如果正常卵圓孔關閉,這些血塊會流入肺部作為隔濾,但如果患者有卵圓孔未閉症,血塊便會經由右心房通過卵圓孔到達左心房,隨著血流運送全身,如果血塊去到腦血管,便會形成阻塞,造成缺血性中風。

(二)如何診斷卵圓孔未閉症?

在超聲波檢查中,醫生會放置顏色,看看會否有不正常的血流。就像這個病人的個案,他的右心房和左心房中間有不正常的血流,因此懷疑病人有卵圓孔未閉症。

(三)微創手術如何關閉卵圓孔?

透過X光片段錄影的微創導管封閉卵圓孔手術過程,醫生會在病人大腿股溝切一個很小的傷口,利用一條長導管,由大腿股溝靜脈上到病人右心臟。在X光和超聲波機指引下,導管就會穿過卵圓孔,接着在導管中,醫生會引入封堵器到病人左邊心臟。

過程首先會在左邊心房慢慢放置左心房心碟,然後放置右碟,在X光和超聲波指引下,醫生會把整個系統慢慢拉後,當左碟慢慢去到卵圓孔位置,醫生便會放置封堵器的右碟,封堵器便會永久而穩固地放置在卵圓孔上。

完成後,醫生會將封堵器和導管脫離,讓導管和鋼絲慢慢分離,離開身體,只有封堵器永久植入病人身體。

(四)封堵器如何減低中風風險?

從影片中的食道超聲波影像,可以看到為病人置放封堵器後半年後所錄得的影像從影像可見,封堵器已永久植入在病人卵圓孔上,位於左右心房中間。醫生在檢查時亦會放置一些顏色,看看病人會否有不正常的血流。此病人已經無任何血流橫跨封堵器附近,即代表如果病人將來不幸再有血塊出現,這些血塊也不會經過卵圓孔,由右心臟直接去左心臟。這些血塊只會由心臟經過肺部進行過濾。


參考資料 :

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https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17326-patent-foramen-ovale-pfo

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https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke/cryptogenic-stroke

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